In our quest for understanding and knowledge, we often encounter a wide array of information, from simple assertions to detailed explanations. But why are we more likely to believe things that come with an explanation rather than those presented as mere statements? The answer lies in the interplay between human psychology, cognitive biases, and our innate need for understanding. Let’s explore the reasons behind this phenomenon.
The Need for Understanding
1. Cognitive Satisfaction
Humans have an inherent desire to make sense of the world around them. When we are presented with information, especially new or complex ideas, our brains seek to understand and integrate this information into our existing knowledge framework. Explanations provide the necessary context and reasoning that satisfies this cognitive need, making the information more comprehensible and believable.
Example: Instead of simply saying, “Exercise is good for you,” an explanation like, “Exercise improves cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and releases endorphins that boost mood,” is more convincing because it addresses the underlying reasons and mechanisms.
2. Reduction of Uncertainty
Explanations reduce uncertainty by providing clarity and context. In the absence of explanations, statements can appear vague or incomplete, leading to skepticism. By offering an explanation, the communicator fills in the gaps, reducing ambiguity and increasing the likelihood of acceptance.
Example: “The stock market will rise” is a statement that leaves many questions unanswered. An explanation such as, “The stock market is expected to rise due to improved economic indicators and increased consumer spending,” provides the necessary context that makes the statement more credible.
Cognitive Biases at Play
1. Confirmation Bias
Our tendency to favor information that confirms our pre-existing beliefs is known as confirmation bias. When we encounter explanations that align with our existing knowledge or beliefs, we are more likely to accept them because they provide a coherent and logical narrative that fits our worldview.
Example: If someone believes in the health benefits of a particular diet, they are more likely to accept detailed explanations about its positive effects rather than simple, unsupported claims.
2. The Illusion of Understanding
Explanations create an illusion of understanding, making us feel more knowledgeable and informed. This cognitive bias leads us to prefer information that comes with explanations because it gives us the impression that we understand the topic better, even if the explanation is not entirely accurate.
Example: A detailed, albeit flawed, explanation of why a new technology works might be more convincing than a simple assertion that it is effective, because the former gives us the sense of grasping the underlying principles.
Social and Educational Factors
1. Educational Conditioning
From an early age, we are conditioned to value explanations through formal education. Teachers and textbooks emphasize understanding concepts through detailed explanations, fostering a habit of seeking and trusting explanatory information. This educational background influences our preference for explanations in adulthood.
Example: In school, we learn scientific principles through experiments and detailed explanations, which reinforces our belief in information that is well-explained versus simple statements.
2. Social Validation
Explanations often come with social validation, as they are typically provided by experts, authorities, or trusted sources. When an explanation accompanies a statement, it signals that the information has been thought through and verified, increasing its credibility.
Example: A medical recommendation backed by an explanation from a doctor is more convincing than a simple assertion from an unknown source, due to the authority and expertise behind the explanation.
Practical Implications
1. Enhancing Communication
Understanding the preference for explanations can improve communication strategies in various fields, from education and marketing to science and journalism. Providing clear, well-structured explanations can enhance the persuasiveness and impact of the information being communicated.
2. Critical Thinking
While explanations can increase the likelihood of belief, it is also essential to cultivate critical thinking skills. Not all explanations are accurate or valid, so it is important to evaluate the quality and source of the explanations we encounter.
Conclusion
We are more likely to believe things that come with explanations because they satisfy our cognitive need for understanding, reduce uncertainty, and align with our cognitive biases and social conditioning. Recognizing this preference can enhance our communication and critical thinking abilities, enabling us to navigate the complex landscape of information more effectively. By seeking and providing well-founded explanations, we can foster a more informed and discerning society.
