Medical gaslighting is an all-too-common experience where patients’ symptoms, concerns, or experiences are dismissed or minimized by healthcare providers. When doctors don’t take your complaints seriously, it can lead to frustration, delayed diagnoses, or even worsening health conditions. Gaslighting isn’t always intentional, but its effects can be deeply damaging, leaving patients feeling unheard, invalidated, and unsure of their own experiences. Here’s a closer look at why medical gaslighting happens, its impact on patient care, and how to advocate for yourself to ensure you get the treatment and respect you deserve.

What Is Medical Gaslighting?

Gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation where someone is made to doubt their own perceptions, feelings, or sanity. In a medical setting, gaslighting occurs when healthcare providers dismiss or downplay a patient’s symptoms, suggesting that they are imagined, exaggerated, or insignificant. This can happen through outright dismissal or more subtle behaviors, like suggesting a patient’s symptoms are “all in their head.”

Medical gaslighting may happen when doctors attribute symptoms to stress or mental health issues without fully investigating underlying physical causes. While some doctors may unintentionally gaslight patients due to biases or knowledge gaps, the effects can be harmful and can lead to missed or delayed diagnoses, prolonged suffering, and a lack of trust in the healthcare system.

Why Medical Gaslighting Happens

Several factors contribute to the phenomenon of medical gaslighting, from inherent biases to time constraints in modern healthcare. Here’s why it occurs and why certain groups may be more vulnerable to it.

1. Time Constraints and High Patient Loads

Healthcare providers often work under intense pressure, with limited time to spend with each patient. In these rushed environments, doctors may make quick assumptions or dismiss symptoms as minor without taking the time to understand the full picture. While time constraints aren’t an excuse, they contribute to the quick dismissals that many patients experience.

2. Implicit Bias and Stereotypes

Certain patients are more likely to experience medical gaslighting due to implicit biases in the healthcare system. Studies have shown that women, people of color, the elderly, and those with mental health histories are more likely to have their symptoms dismissed or attributed to psychological factors rather than physical causes. These biases can lead to unequal treatment and prolonged health issues for these groups.

Example: Studies show that women are more likely to have their symptoms of heart disease dismissed or misdiagnosed as anxiety. People of color often receive less pain management because of biased assumptions about pain tolerance.

3. Knowledge Gaps and Diagnostic Uncertainty

Doctors are trained to diagnose based on certain patterns of symptoms, but not every patient fits neatly into these patterns. When symptoms don’t align with common conditions, doctors may struggle to make a diagnosis and, rather than admitting uncertainty, some may dismiss the symptoms altogether. This reluctance to acknowledge diagnostic uncertainty can lead to gaslighting, as patients are left feeling like their symptoms don’t matter.

4. Mental Health Stigma

Doctors may default to mental health explanations for physical symptoms if they’re unable to find a clear cause. While mental health is an essential aspect of overall wellness, automatically attributing symptoms to stress, anxiety, or depression without further investigation can be dismissive and even harmful, particularly when physical conditions are overlooked.

Example: Patients with chronic pain or fatigue are often told they are simply stressed or anxious, even when these symptoms may be due to an undiagnosed autoimmune condition, fibromyalgia, or another physical illness.

Common Signs of Medical Gaslighting

Recognizing medical gaslighting is the first step toward addressing it. Here are some common signs that you might be experiencing gaslighting from a healthcare provider:

1. Dismissive Language: If a doctor frequently says things like “It’s probably just stress,” “You’re overreacting,” or “There’s nothing to worry about,” they may be dismissing your concerns without fully investigating them.
2. Attributing Symptoms to Psychological Causes without Investigation: If a doctor attributes physical symptoms to anxiety, depression, or stress without running tests or considering other possible diagnoses, they may be jumping to conclusions.
3. Minimizing Symptoms or Pain: A doctor who downplays the severity of your symptoms or tells you they’re “normal” when they feel severe or disruptive is not taking your experience seriously.
4. Changing the Subject or Avoiding Questions: When you try to get answers or clarification, a doctor who changes the subject or avoids your questions may be trying to avoid acknowledging that they don’t have an answer.
5. Suggesting You’re Imagining or Exaggerating Symptoms: If a doctor implies that you’re making up or exaggerating your symptoms, they are disregarding your lived experience, which is a form of gaslighting.

The Impact of Medical Gaslighting on Patients

Medical gaslighting has real, harmful effects on patients, leading to delayed or missed diagnoses, emotional distress, and a breakdown in trust in healthcare providers. Here’s how it impacts patients:

1. Delayed Diagnoses and Worsened Health

When doctors dismiss symptoms, patients may go months or even years without an accurate diagnosis. In that time, conditions may worsen or become more difficult to treat, leading to increased pain, stress, and suffering.

Example: Many patients with autoimmune diseases report years of being told their symptoms were in their heads before finally receiving a proper diagnosis and treatment.

2. Emotional and Psychological Harm

Medical gaslighting can make patients feel invalidated, helpless, and anxious about their health. When doctors imply that symptoms are imaginary, patients may start to doubt themselves, feeling frustrated or even embarrassed to seek further help.

Example: A patient repeatedly told that their symptoms are due to anxiety may start to question their own experience, feeling like they’re overreacting, when in reality they may have a legitimate, treatable condition.

3. Erosion of Trust in the Healthcare System

Repeated experiences of medical gaslighting can lead to a loss of trust in the healthcare system. Patients who feel dismissed or disrespected may avoid seeking medical care altogether, potentially putting their health at risk.

Example: Someone with chronic pain who has been dismissed by doctors multiple times may avoid going to appointments, fearful of being belittled or ignored, even if their condition worsens.

How to Advocate for Yourself in Medical Settings

If you feel that you’re being dismissed or gaslighted by a doctor, there are steps you can take to advocate for yourself and ensure your concerns are taken seriously.

1. Come Prepared and Be Clear About Symptoms

When you go to an appointment, bring a clear description of your symptoms, including when they started, how they impact your daily life, and any patterns you’ve noticed. Write down questions you want to ask and clarify your main concerns to keep the focus on what matters most to you.

2. Ask Direct Questions and Request Explanations

If a doctor attributes symptoms to anxiety, stress, or other psychological factors without investigating physical causes, ask directly, “Are there other possible physical causes that could explain these symptoms?” Requesting a detailed explanation shows that you are invested in understanding your health and encourages the doctor to consider other possibilities.

3. Request Tests or Referrals

If you feel like your symptoms aren’t being fully explored, don’t hesitate to ask for specific tests or a referral to a specialist. Sometimes, seeing a specialist or getting further testing can lead to answers that a general practitioner may not be able to provide.

4. Bring a Support Person

Having a friend or family member with you can provide additional support and make it harder for doctors to dismiss your concerns. A support person can advocate on your behalf, help you remember details discussed, and reinforce the seriousness of your symptoms.

5. Trust Your Instincts

If you feel strongly that something is wrong, trust yourself. Many patients have an intuitive sense when something isn’t right with their health, even if tests initially come back normal. If you’re not getting answers, it’s okay to seek a second opinion or consult another healthcare provider.

6. Document Everything

Keep a record of your symptoms, doctor’s appointments, and what was discussed at each visit. Documenting your experiences can help you keep track of your health journey, and it may be useful if you need to present your case to another provider.

When to Seek a Second Opinion

If you’ve tried advocating for yourself and still feel dismissed, it may be time to seek a second opinion. Many patients find that a fresh perspective from a new doctor leads to a more comprehensive evaluation and, in some cases, a proper diagnosis. Don’t hesitate to look for another provider if you feel that your concerns aren’t being taken seriously—your health and peace of mind are worth it.

Final Thoughts: You Deserve to Be Heard and Respected

Medical gaslighting is a real and damaging phenomenon that can leave patients feeling unheard, invalidated, and confused. But you deserve to be taken seriously, and you deserve a healthcare provider who listens, respects your experience, and seeks to understand your concerns. By recognizing the signs of medical gaslighting and advocating for yourself, you can take steps to protect your health, find the right support, and ensure your voice is heard in the healthcare system. Remember, your health is your priority, and it’s okay to demand the care and respect you deserve.