- Oxygen (O): Oxygen is the most abundant element on Earth, comprising approximately 46% of the Earth’s crust by weight. It is a key component of rocks, minerals, and the Earth’s atmosphere.
- Silicon (Si): Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth, constituting about 28% of the Earth’s crust. It is a major component of minerals such as quartz and is essential in the formation of rocks and soils.
- Aluminum (Al): Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, making up around 8% of its composition. It is widely distributed in various minerals and rocks, such as bauxite, and is extensively used in industries due to its lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties.
- Iron (Fe): Iron is the fourth most abundant element on Earth, accounting for approximately 5% of the Earth’s crust. It is a crucial component of many minerals, including hematite and magnetite, and is extensively used in construction, manufacturing, and various other applications.
- Calcium (Ca): Calcium is the fifth most abundant element on Earth, constituting around 3% of the Earth’s crust. It is primarily found in minerals such as limestone, gypsum, and fluorite. Calcium is essential for living organisms and is a key component of bones, shells, and teeth.
