Narcissism and alcoholism are two distinct conditions, but they can share some traits and occasionally co-occur. Understanding the potential connection between these two issues is important for both individuals struggling with these problems and those who care about them. In this article, we will explore the link between narcissism and alcoholism, discuss the diagnosis and symptoms of each condition, and explore treatment options.
The Link Between Narcissism and Alcoholism: Alcohol use can vary widely among individuals, from occasional social drinking to problematic and dependent patterns. While there is no single cause for alcohol use disorder (AUD), several factors can contribute to its development, including genetics, cognitive factors, environmental influences, and underlying mental health conditions. One such mental health condition that may be associated with alcoholism is narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).
Narcissistic personality disorder is categorized under Cluster B personality disorders, characterized by erratic and emotional behavior. Studies suggest a significant association between personality disorders and substance use disorders, with a reported co-occurrence rate of approximately 22.6% according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).
Research conducted in recent years has shed light on the relationship between narcissistic traits and alcohol use. For instance, a 2019 study found a connection between vulnerable narcissism, feelings of shame, and an increased likelihood of problem drinking and gambling. Vulnerable narcissism is characterized by low self-esteem, helplessness, and sensitivity to rejection.
Another study from 2017 revealed that aggressive behavior and pathological narcissism were linked to excessive alcohol consumption in Canadian men. This association remained even after accounting for general psychological distress as a trigger for coping responses like alcohol use.
In a similar vein, a 2019 study identified a connection between drinking and specific narcissistic traits such as devaluation and entitlement-rage. Threatened egotism was cited as a motivating factor for increased alcohol use among individuals with narcissistic traits.
Diagnosing Alcoholism and NPD: To determine whether an individual is dealing with narcissistic traits or has a diagnosable disorder, mental health professionals rely on established criteria. For alcoholism, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) outlines 11 criteria to determine the presence and severity of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). These criteria include tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, failed attempts to quit, and more.
In the case of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), specific criteria must be met according to the DSM-5-TR. These criteria encompass grandiose behaviors or fantasies, a lack of empathy, and a need for admiration, among others. A person must exhibit five or more of these signs, and these traits should have manifested early in adulthood.
Overlapping Symptoms: NPD and AUD share certain traits, which can make it challenging to distinguish between them. While the underlying causes may differ, individuals with these disorders may exhibit similar behaviors:
- Denial: People with NPD often believe they can do no wrong, while those with AUD may think their alcohol use is under control.
- Lack of Accountability: Both groups tend to blame others for their problems, whether it’s personal or related to alcohol use.
- Entitlement: Feelings of entitlement are common in both cases, whether it pertains to actions or indulgence in alcohol.
- Rapidly Changing Behavior: Changes in mood can occur when self-esteem is threatened in NPD, while AUD can lead to behavioral instability due to alcohol’s effects.
- Manipulation: Manipulative behavior is evident in both groups, whether it’s manipulating people or situations to serve their needs.
- Self-absorption: Both individuals with NPD and AUD are primarily focused on satisfying their own emotional needs or maintaining their alcohol use.
- Shame: People with NPD may mask their shame with inflated self-importance, while individuals with AUD may use alcohol to cope with shame.
- Lack of Introspection: Neither group is typically willing to examine their imperfections or reasons for their behavior.
Treatment Options: The good news is that both AUD and NPD can be treated, albeit with different approaches:
- AUD Treatment Options: Treatment for alcoholism may involve behavioral interventions such as counseling, medications to reduce or stop alcohol use, and participation in support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous.
- NPD Treatment: Narcissistic personality disorder is typically addressed through ongoing therapy. While there are no FDA-approved medications specifically for NPD, individuals with NPD may benefit from medication if they have co-occurring conditions like anxiety, depression, or impulse control issues.
When AUD and NPD co-occur, treatment can become more complex due to the potential for increased hostility and aggression. However, therapy remains a viable option. Some therapeutic approaches that may be beneficial include dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), dual-focused schema therapy (DFST), and dynamic deconstructive therapy (DDT).
Next Steps: If you or someone you know is struggling with both AUD and NPD, seeking help is crucial. Start by consulting a primary care doctor who can provide guidance or make referrals to appropriate mental health professionals. Psychiatrists, psychologists, alcohol counselors, and social workers may all play roles in the treatment process.
Remember that recovery is possible, and seeking help is the first step toward a healthier and more fulfilling life. Don’t hesitate to reach out to the available resources and professionals who can provide the support needed to overcome these challenges.
