Introduction
Hanukkah, also known as Chanukah, is a joyous Jewish holiday celebrated for eight nights and days. One of the most iconic traditions of Hanukkah is the lighting of the menorah, a nine-branched candelabrum. But how many candles are lit during Hanukkah, and what is the significance behind this age-old tradition? In this article, we’ll explore the history, symbolism, and customs associated with lighting candles during Hanukkah.
The Menorah and Its Significance
The menorah used during Hanukkah is distinct from the seven-branched menorah mentioned in the Bible, which was a sacred item in the Holy Temple in Jerusalem. The Hanukkah menorah, also known as the Hanukkiah, has nine branches: one for each of the eight nights of Hanukkah and one additional branch, typically positioned higher or lower than the others, called the “shamash” or “helper” candle.
The Shamash Candle
The shamash candle plays a vital role in the Hanukkah celebration. It is the candle used to light the other candles on each night of the holiday. The reason for this is rooted in Jewish law, which prohibits using the light of the Hanukkiah for any practical purposes, such as reading or cooking. By lighting the other candles with the shamash, this rule is upheld, as the shamash serves as a helper or “guardian” candle for the other lights.
How Many Candles Are Lit?
So, how many candles are lit on each night of Hanukkah? On the first night, one candle is placed in the shamash’s spot, and the shamash itself is lit. This means that two candles are kindled on the first night. On the second night, an additional candle is added, resulting in a total of three candles. This pattern continues throughout the eight nights of Hanukkah, with one more candle being added each night. By the eighth night, a total of nine candles are lit: the shamash and eight Hanukkah candles.
Symbolism of the Hanukkah Candles
The lighting of Hanukkah candles holds deep symbolic significance. Each night, as another candle is added to the menorah, it represents the increasing miracle of Hanukkah. According to Jewish tradition, Hanukkah commemorates the miracle of the oil in the Holy Temple, which was supposed to last only one night but miraculously burned for eight nights. The progressive lighting of candles symbolizes the growing light and hope in the face of adversity.
The Hanukkah candles also serve as a reminder of the importance of religious freedom and the fight against religious oppression. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees over the oppressive Seleucid Empire, which sought to suppress Jewish religious practices. The candles symbolize the resilience of the Jewish people and their commitment to preserving their faith and traditions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the number of candles lit during Hanukkah starts with two on the first night and increases by one each night, with the final night featuring nine candles in total. This tradition carries profound symbolism, reminding Jews of the miraculous events that took place during the time of the Maccabees and the enduring spirit of their faith.
As families gather to celebrate Hanukkah, the lighting of the menorah serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of religious freedom, resilience, and the enduring light of hope. It is a beautiful and meaningful tradition that brings joy and unity to Jewish households during this festive season.
