Derealization is a term used to describe a mental state where a person feels disconnected or detached from their surroundings, as if the world around them is unreal, dreamlike, or foggy. While the person is aware that their perceptions aren’t accurate, the sensation can be unsettling and disturbing. Derealization is often associated with depersonalization, where one feels detached from their own body or sense of self. Together, these experiences are part of a condition known as depersonalization-derealization disorder, but they can also occur as symptoms of anxiety, trauma, or other mental health conditions.

1. What Does It Feel Like to Derealize?

People who experience derealization often describe it as feeling like they are living in a dream or observing the world through a fog. Common sensations include:

• The environment feels distant or artificial.
• Objects may appear distorted, flat, or lacking depth.
• Sounds may seem muffled or far away.
• Time may feel warped, with events seeming to move too quickly or too slowly.
• Familiar places may feel unfamiliar or alien.

Although the person experiencing derealization is aware that their perception of reality has changed, it’s important to note that they do not lose touch with reality. They can still distinguish between what is real and what isn’t; the problem is how they feel about reality, not whether they can recognize it.

2. What Causes Derealization?

Derealization can have various causes, both psychological and physical. Some of the common triggers and contributing factors include:

• Anxiety and Stress: Intense stress or chronic anxiety can lead to episodes of derealization. The brain may enter a state of self-protection, making the world feel distant or surreal as a way to cope with overwhelming emotions.
• Trauma: Derealization can occur as a result of trauma, particularly in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This is the brain’s way of detaching from the intense emotions associated with the traumatic event.
• Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: For some, derealization is a chronic condition that falls under this disorder. Individuals experience repeated or persistent feelings of detachment from their surroundings and themselves.
• Substance Use: Certain drugs, particularly hallucinogens or marijuana, can trigger episodes of derealization. In some cases, individuals may continue to experience these sensations even after the drug’s effects have worn off.
• Sleep Deprivation: Lack of sleep can contribute to a sense of detachment from reality, leading to feelings of derealization.
• Neurological Conditions: In rare cases, neurological conditions such as epilepsy or migraines can result in derealization episodes.

3. How Long Does Derealization Last?

The duration of derealization can vary depending on its cause and the individual experiencing it. Some people may have short, fleeting episodes that last a few minutes or hours, while others may experience it for days, weeks, or even months.

For individuals with depersonalization-derealization disorder, these sensations can be chronic, although they often fluctuate in intensity over time. With treatment and coping strategies, many people can reduce the frequency and severity of derealization episodes.

4. Is Derealization Dangerous?

Derealization itself is not dangerous, but it can be highly distressing and lead to other mental health challenges. The sensation of being detached from reality can create feelings of fear, confusion, or anxiety. People experiencing frequent derealization may also struggle with concentration, memory, or motivation because of the way the world feels “unreal” to them.

However, it’s important to understand that derealization is not the same as psychosis. Those experiencing derealization are aware that something is wrong with how they perceive the world but do not lose touch with reality in the way that someone with a psychotic disorder might.

5. How Is Derealization Treated?

Treatment for derealization depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common approaches:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This type of therapy can help individuals identify and challenge the thought patterns contributing to their feelings of derealization. CBT is especially effective when anxiety is the primary cause.
• Mindfulness and Grounding Techniques: These practices help individuals stay connected to the present moment and their surroundings, reducing the feelings of detachment associated with derealization.
• Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to address underlying anxiety, depression, or trauma, which can alleviate symptoms of derealization.
• Reducing Stress: Since stress and anxiety are major triggers for derealization, learning relaxation techniques such as meditation, breathing exercises, or yoga can be helpful.
• Addressing Sleep and Substance Use: Improving sleep habits and avoiding substances known to trigger derealization (such as certain drugs or alcohol) can reduce the likelihood of episodes.

6. When Should You Seek Help for Derealization?

If you experience frequent or prolonged episodes of derealization, or if these sensations are causing significant distress or interfering with your daily life, it’s important to seek help from a mental health professional. They can assess your symptoms, determine the underlying cause, and work with you to develop a treatment plan.

Conclusion

Derealization is a disorienting and often distressing experience that can make the world feel unreal or dreamlike. While it is often a symptom of anxiety, trauma, or stress, it can also be part of a larger disorder. Understanding that derealization is a common response to emotional or psychological strain is the first step in addressing it. With the right coping strategies and support, individuals can manage these episodes and regain a sense of connection to their surroundings. If you or someone you know is struggling with derealization, seeking professional help can offer relief and tools for managing this challenging experience.