Communication serves multiple functions in human society, from survival and bonding to complex intellectual development. As civilizations have evolved from hunter-gatherer societies to complex modern states, the primary functions and contexts of communication have shifted dramatically. This article explores these transformations and delves into the differences in communication styles and functions between neurotypical (NT) individuals and those who are neurodivergent (ND), especially in varying environments.

The Essential Functions of Communication

1. Survival: In early hunter-gatherer societies, communication was primarily about survival. Every word and gesture had to be efficient and precise. Miscommunication in such contexts—whether warning about a predator or directing a hunting party—could have fatal consequences.
2. Bonding: As societies grew, the role of communication in fostering relationships and building community bonds became more pronounced. Sharing stories around a fire, passing down oral histories, and communal decision-making sessions helped strengthen social ties and ensured cultural continuity.
3. Compounded Development: In more settled and ‘safe’ societies, where immediate physical threats were less pressing, communication began to focus more on abstract, complex ideas and collective problem-solving. This shift allowed for the development of elaborate governance structures, philosophies, sciences, and arts.

Communication in Modern Societies

In today’s world, where most live removed from immediate survival threats, communication can afford to be more nuanced and multi-layered. This environment allows for greater eloquence and the exploration of complex ideas, fostering intellectual and technological advancements. However, this shift also means that the original, more direct forms of communication are sometimes seen as less critical, potentially leading to a dilution of their effectiveness in urgent or high-stakes situations.

Neurodivergent vs. Neurotypical Communication Styles

The weighting of communication functions such as bonding and development may differ between NTs and NDs. NDs often approach communication with different priorities and styles, which can be misunderstood in predominantly NT environments:

1. Assumption of Safe Environment: NDs often communicate under the assumption that they are in a safe environment where they can express their thoughts and feelings openly and honestly without fear of negative consequences. This style can sometimes clash with NT communication norms, where social codes play a significant role.
2. Social Code and Safety: In environments perceived as less safe or more judgmental, NTs often rely on social codes more heavily. These codes can include using euphemisms, avoiding confrontation, or telling ‘white lies’ to maintain harmony and avoid conflict. NDs might find these nuances confusing or unnecessary, preferring directness and honesty even when it might be socially risky.
3. Function Weighting: NTs might prioritize bonding through empathetic and emotional communication, while NDs might place more importance on sharing information for compounded development, focusing on the exchange of ideas more than emotional content.

Communication Challenges and Adaptations

Both NTs and NDs can face challenges when their communication styles do not align with their environment or the expectations of their conversational partners. Understanding these differences is crucial for fostering effective communication across different contexts. Here are some strategies to bridge these gaps:

1. Awareness and Education: Increasing awareness about different communication styles can help both NTs and NDs adapt their approaches according to their audience and situation.
2. Valuing Diverse Styles: Recognizing the strengths of different communication styles and their contributions to society can enhance cooperation and innovation.
3. Creating Safe Spaces: Developing environments where NDs feel safe to communicate in their natural style, while also teaching NTs the value of directness, can lead to more productive interactions.

Conclusion

The functions and weighting of communication have evolved significantly throughout human history, influenced by changes in society and the environment. In understanding these shifts, particularly the differences between NT and ND communication styles, society can better accommodate diverse needs and preferences, leading to richer, more effective communication for all.